![]() The effect of daylight saving time also varies according to how far east or west the location is within its time zone, with locations farther east inside the time zone benefiting more from DST than locations farther west in the same time zone. Since most people are asleep at 04:30, it is seen as more practical to treat 04:30 as if it is 05:30, thereby allowing people to wake closer to the sunrise and be active in the evening light.ĭST is of little use for locations near the Equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. In American temperate latitudes, for example, the sun rises around 04:30 at the summer solstice and sets around 19:30. The clock shift is also motivated by practicality. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed. ![]() Proponents of daylight saving time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical " nine to five" workday. They will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier: in most cases they will have an extra hour of daylight available to them after their workday activities. North and south of the tropics, daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater the farther one moves away from the equator.Īfter synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of standard time in spring in anticipation of longer daylight hours, individuals following a clock-based schedule will be awakened an hour earlier in the solar day than they would have otherwise. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. Industrialized societies usually follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. Rationale An ancient water clock that lets hour lengths vary with season Since then many countries have adopted DST at various times since then, particularly since the 1970s energy crisis. The first nation-wide implementations were by the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, both starting on 30 April 1916. The first implementation of DST was by Port Arthur (today merged into Thunder Bay), in Ontario, Canada, in 1908, but only locally, not nationally. In 1907, William Willett proposed the adoption of British Summer Time as a way to save energy but although seriously considered by Parliament it was not implemented until 1916. In 1895, New Zealand entomologist and astronomer George Hudson made the first realistic proposal to change clocks by two hours every spring to the Wellington Philosophical Society, but this was not implemented until 1928 and in another form. In a satirical letter to the editor of the Journal de Paris in 1784, Benjamin Franklin suggested that if Parisians could only wake up earlier in the summer they would economize on candle and oil usage, but he did not propose changing the clocks. However, these were changes to the time divisions of the day rather than setting the whole clock forward. Historically, several ancient societies adopted seasonal changes to their timekeeping to make better use of daylight Roman timekeeping even included changes to water clocks to accommodate this. Some countries observe it only in some regions for example: it is observed only by some Australian states depending on latitude and by all states in the United States except for Hawaii and Arizona (within the latter, however, the Navajo Nation does observe it, conforming to federal practice). ![]() Consequently, only a minority of the world's population uses DST. The typical implementation of DST is to set clocks forward by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour to standard time in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").ĭST is not usually observed near the Equator, where sunrise and sunset times do not vary enough to justify it conversely, it is often not observed in places at high latitudes where a one-hour clock shift would provide little benefit because of the wide variations in sunrise and sunset times. Daylight saving time ( DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time ( United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer, so that darkness falls at a later clock time.
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